Saturday, January 19, 2013

occupy integrity: A Quick Reference List Of Homeschooling Tips

Many parents do not trust the public schools to provide a good education. Sadly, many people cannot afford for their kids to attend private school. Homeschooling can be an excellent answer to this problem. You won?t have to spend a ton of money, and you can be certain your child gets an excellent education with homeschooling. Continue reading for more information.

Family vacations can be a learning experience. Plan vacations ahead of time to include relevant locations, such as a zoo or museum. Just setting aside a day or two of your vacation to engage in learning activities at some of these places is not only fun, but educationally rewarding for you and your children. It is fun for the whole family and educational at the same time.

Homeshooling is sometimes a good option for children who have problems at school. It can help to reduce stress for your child. It also gives you the chance to bond with your child. You will be able to have your child feel more at home in the learning environment.

Consider pushing your child gently towards being able to learn on his or her own. You should not have to stand over your child and supervise their every move. Be certain they know what you expect, and then let them do it. This teaches them independent learning and encourages them to complete lessons quickly and efficiently so they can get on to doing something else.

Look into the wide variety of learning options available. Personlizing your child?s education is the best way to approach things. Examples or repetition may be needed for some, while first hand and hands on learning may be needed for others. You need to research them in order to respond properly to your children and their learning needs. This can help them get the best education possible from you.

Take a trip to the local library. You should read in your classroom everyday. Your child should read as much as possible to improve these skills. Libraries have all sorts of things to read available. Allow your child the time to browse through books that look interesting, but try to encourage books which are at or just above their current reading level. They can read these books and write about them for a assignment.

If you wish to succeed as a homeschool teacher, accepting and overcoming your weaknesses is key. Do not skip subjects, as this will only hurt your child. You need to fill in these educational gaps. Hire a tutor if you cannot fill the gaps in your teaching program.

Don?t just use textbooks. You can teach reading using things like newspapers and comic books. Encouraging them to read an array of different material can really help them to become more well-rounded. You?ll also be teaching them analytic skills which will last a lifetime.

There are many resources available for people who want to be part of a homeschooling group. Resources like field trip guides, free lesson plans, information on music and sports lessons are easily found. This will benefit your child because the whole experience will be easier.

Do a lot of research before deciding to homeschool your child. There are lots of resources to learn a bit more about the reality of homeschooling. No matter how in love you are with the idea of homeschooling your children, you need to ensure that you have the money, energy and time needed to provide a good education.

Homeschooling can be difficult when you have little ones. Make sure that you set the proper schedule when you are homeschooling. You can even include lessons which keep both kids engaged. You need to get both involved so their bond grows as well as yours.

Prior to starting with homeschooling, be honest with yourself about whether you are up to the challenge. It isn?t easy to educate children, and the time and financial investments required are large. You may need to realize that homeschooling isn?t for you before doing it and getting overwhelmed. Consider how ready you are for homeschooling before you take your kids out of public or private schools.

It is important to be clear about your class schedule with your children. They have to be able to study on their own, for example. You could even plan a leisure night activity, like a movie, to help remove any tension left over from school time.

If your home schooled student is in high school, you already know their ultimate goal is passing the GED examination. Have your child take a GED practice exam at the beginning of the school year to identify any weaknesses. This way, you can focus on improving their weaknesses.

Now that you?re more aware of what it takes, you can begin mapping out a plan for homeschooling your children. Remember what you?ve read as you plan your children?s education. Sheer will and fortitude can make you the best teacher for your kids. Your children have a great parent in you.

Related posts:

  1. Quick Approaches To Better Homeschooling In Your Home
  2. Quick Approaches To Better Homeschooling In Your Home

Source: http://ufbsu.org/a-quick-reference-list-of-homeschooling-tips/

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Source: http://occupy-integrity.blogspot.com/2013/01/a-quick-reference-list-of-homeschooling.html

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Friday, January 18, 2013

PULMONARY ASBESTOSIS 111: CARCINOMA OF LUNG IN

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Source: http://www.thedialog.ca/pulmonary-asbestosis-111-carcinoma-of-lung-in/

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Thursday, January 17, 2013

Jobless claims drop to five-year low

1 hr.

The number of Americans filing new claims for unemployment benefits tumbled to a five-year low last week, a hopeful sign for the sluggish labor market.?

Initial claims for state unemployment benefits fell 37,000 to a seasonally adjusted 335,000, the lowest level since January 2008, the Labor Department said on Thursday. It was the largest weekly drop since February 2010.?

The prior week's claims figure was revised to show 1,000 more applications than previously reported.?

While last week's decline ended four straight weeks of increases, it is probably not the start of a new trend or a sign of a material shift in labor market conditions as claims tend to be very volatile around this time of the year.?

This is because of large swings in the model used by the department to iron out seasonal fluctuations.?

A Labor Department analyst said the model had expected a large increase in claims last week, but the actual number of filings only showed a modest increase, leading to a big decline in the seasonally adjusted figure.?

He said there was nothing unusual in the state level data and that no states had been estimated.?

The four-week moving average for new claims, a better measure of labor market trends, fell 6,750 to 359,250, suggesting some improvement in underlying labor market conditions.?

The claims data covered the survey week for January's nonfarm payrolls. Job growth has been gradual, with employers adding 155,000 new positions in December. The unemployment rate held steady at 7.8 percent last month.?

Job gains averaged 153,000 jobs per month in 2012, little changed from 2011. The sluggish labor market and subdued inflation pressures are likely to keep the Federal Reserve on its ultra easy monetary policy course.?

The claims report showed the number of people still receiving benefits under regular state programs after an initial week of aid increased 87,000 to 3.21 million in the week ended January 5.?

The four-week average of the so-called continuing claims was the lowest since July 2008.?

Copyright 2013 Thomson Reuters.

Source: http://www.nbcnews.com/business/economywatch/jobless-claims-drop-five-year-low-1B8014114

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Data Analyst - Google Analytics / Green Light Australia / Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

List your open job on Content Marketing Institute's job board and reach thousands of potential candidates for one low cost. This job network is a great source for any type of position, entry level to C-level, focusing on marketing and agency positions in and around the content industry: content strategists, content marketing positions, in-house journalists, social media specialists and more.

Have a question about posting a job?
Contact pam at contentinstitute dot com.

Source: http://jobs.contentmarketinginstitute.com/job/data-analyst-google-analytics-sydney-new-south-green-light-australia-b285540670/?d=1&source=rss_page

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Wednesday, January 16, 2013

Video: Smarty cat: This feline has mastered the shell game

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Source: http://video.today.msnbc.msn.com/today/50467711/

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Senior QA Engineer - Permanent - London

Company Description:

Formed in California in 1984, CISCO is a manufacturing company, which creates and sells technical networking equipment including routers, switches and hubs.

A global brand, currently operating in over 165 companies, with 63,000 employees and almost 500 offices, the very nature of the CISCO enterprise calls out for a host of specialist professionals, proficient in areas from sales to engineering.

CISCO prides itself on its ability to ?connect people locally and globally?, creating a human network, by contributing to the plumbing of the integral phenomenon that is, the internet.

Across its service segments, CISCO consistently holds an astounding market share over competing companies, and is the only brand to lead across all segments.

This achievement includes a 64.2 per cent of the Digital Video: IPTV segment and 53.3 per cent of the Wireless: LAN segment. CISCO?s minimum hold is 31.5 per cent over the Security segment, which is still a substantial market lead. However, this success has not happened by chance; since its birth in the mid-80s, CISCO has kept one eye on the networking industry, the ever-evolving nature of the internet, and computing.

Considering and applying these market transitions within the design and development of their products, CISCO succeeds to be the preferred innovative force within the networking sector.

As the internet continues to expand at such a rapid rate, the future at CISCO involves forecasting market acceleration, expansion and entry to maintain its reputation for providing the extraordinary customer satisfaction levels, which are so central to CISCO?s culture.

Job Description:

Introduction
Cisco/ScanSafe is the leading global provider of SaaS web security. Powered by heuristics technology Outbreak Intelligence, Cisco/ScanSafe provides a comprehensive suite of web security services through a scalable web processing centre that guarantees high performance, best-of-breed protection. . Every day our technology scans over 5 billion web requests, going far beyond the capabilities of traditional security techniques to protect both, office based and roaming workers around the globe.
We provide an environment for innovation and self-development:
- Quarterly kickoffs to discuss new ideas, drive innovation and shape our roadmap
- Agile process that helps, not hinders ? we help you make things happen
- Change is constant; we are always investing in cutting edge, brand new hardware and software
- Hackathons ? time for developers and QAs to have fun, discover and innovate

As well as continual technical development, you will be richly rewarded with a highly competitive salary, extensive range of benefits and the encouragement to learn and develop.

Role
You will work as a member of the ScanSafe Quality Assurance team participating in the complete product development cycle starting from analysis, architecture, design, coding, testing of software. You will be responsible for QA efforts on assigned scrum projects, working closely with the developers developing test strategy, automation test scripts and executing the test scripts.
The successful candidate must have the ability to work on tight deadlines. You will be expected to be able to lead the definition and execution of quality initiatives.
You will be a pro-active team member who can help build future direction for QA and help to implement it.

You Must have,
- Minimum of 5 years? experience as a QA Engineer, with BS degree in CS/CE/IT or equivalent
- Java web application and service application testing
- Working knowledge of Testing methodologies
? Strong analytical and troubleshooting skills to assist engineers with debugging and verification of fixes
- Knowledge of Unit and functional testing tools and frameworks like jUnit, Fitnesse, Selenium etc.
- Planning, development, modification and execution of test strategy (plan, test-cases, etc.)
- Experience of working in an Agile development environment
- Developing and executing test plans, test cases and test schedules, and identify project milestones and risks
- Regression testing, logging, tracking, triaging of defects
- Participating in test case automation efforts; designing , developing and maintaining test automation frameworks
- Tracking and reporting of testing status against plan and defining/tracking of QA metrics
- Possess excellent communication skills both verbal and written
- Proven track record of testing high performance, scalable, business -critical platforms

Desirable skills
- Networking experience on Windows, Unix/Linux an advantage
- Good understanding of WAN, LAN, TCP/IP, HTTP, SSL, HTTPS, DNS; experience with traffic captures
- Understanding of HTTP proxy servers
- Experience in real-time traffic testing (firewalls, port forwarding, etc.)
- Knowledge of LDAP, Windows Active Directory, Group Policies etc.
- Experience with Continuous integration tools like Jenkins

Source: http://jobs.techweekeurope.co.uk/19001/senior-qa-engineer/

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Tuesday, January 15, 2013

Former President George H.W. Bush leaves hospital

AUSTIN, Texas (Reuters) - Former U.S. President George H.W. Bush was released from a Houston hospital on Monday after more than seven weeks of treatment for bronchitis and related ailments, according to a statement issued by a family spokesman.

"Mr. Bush has improved to the point that he will not need any special medication when he goes home, but he will continue physical therapy," Dr. Amy Mynderse, the doctor in charge of Bush's care, said in the statement, issued by Bush spokesman Jim McGrath.

Bush said in the statement that he was grateful to the "wonderful" doctors and nurses who took care of him.

"Let me add just how touched we were by the many get-well messages we received from our friends and fellow Americans," the former president said. "Your prayers and good wishes helped more than you know, and as I head home my only concern is that I will not be able to thank each of you for your kind words."

The former president, 88, was admitted to Methodist Hospital on November 23 for bronchitis and then transferred to intensive care in December after coming down with a persistent fever and other complications. He was moved to a regular patient room after his condition improved last month.

Bush, a Republican and the 41st U.S. president, took office in 1989 and served one term in the White House. The father of former President George W. Bush, he also served as a congressman, U.N. ambassador, envoy to China, CIA director and was vice president for two terms under Ronald Reagan.

As president, Bush routed Iraq after former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990. His public approval ratings soared, but just 20 months later he was defeated in his re-election bid by Democrat Bill Clinton.

Until recently, Bush was known for an active lifestyle. He went skydiving to celebrate his 75th, 80th and 85th birthdays.

He met with former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev late last year in Houston. In March 2012, Bush formally endorsed Republican Mitt Romney for president.

(Reporting By Corrie MacLaggan; Editing by Greg McCune, Jim Marshall and John Wallace)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/former-president-george-h-w-bush-released-hospital-184044102.html

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Canada?s gun control system has failed to keep up with a changing arms industry,...

How a changing arms industry is bringing incoherence to Canada's gun control system

www.globalnews.ca

Critics say that the system, based in part on restricting and prohibiting specific firearms, hasn't been updated since the 1990s, while the gun industry has been offering more and more exotic and envelope-pushing designs - not only of the guns themselves, but also components like magazines.

Source: http://www.facebook.com/GlobalNational/posts/497365536981742

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UBS Microsoft - Business Insider

Microsoft's Surface is off to a very slow start, in UBS analyst Brent Thill's opinion.

He estimates Microsoft sold just 1 million Surface RT tablets, down from his previous estimate of 2 million.

For some context, Apple is expected to have sold well over 20 million iPads. That's part of the problem. People are choosing iPads over Surfaces, says Thill. He also blames narrow distribution. Microsoft only sold the Surface at its stores last quarter.

He's cautiously optimistic about the Surface line. He thinks the Surface Pro which runs on an Intel chip will be strong with corporations, providing a good iPad alternative.

Overall, Thill says he's cutting estimates for Microsoft's holiday quarter based on bad data points about the holiday quarter:

Cutting FQ2 by $1.1B/$0.08 to $21.3B/$0.76 (Street $21.7B/$0.76) on lower Windows division revs to $5.9B (from $6.7B) on CQ4 PC sales -6.4% per IDC and our revised Surface RT sales e.stimate of 1M units (prior 2M). PCs also hit MBD transactional revs cutting MBD to $5.6B from $5.9B. With PC weakness likely to linger we cut FQ3 to $21.0B/$0.76 from $21.5B/$0.78 (Street $20.9B/$0.78). FY13 est?s cut to $79.6B/$2.80 (revs +8.0%, margins 36.6%) from $80.8B/$2.90.

Source: http://www.businessinsider.com/ubs-microsoft-2013-1

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Youth attitudes about guns: Sixty percent of high school and college students consider gun ownership in future

Jan. 14, 2013 ? Despite growing up in a post-Columbine world, more young people plan on owning a gun than had them in their childhood homes, according to a national poll of more than 4,000 high school and college students conducted by Jennifer L. Lawless (American University) and Richard L. Fox (Loyola Marymount University). This finding suggests a possible reversal of a trend that pointed to decreasing gun ownership.

More specifically, one-third of young people report growing up with a gun in the household. And 36 percent report being "very worried" about gun violence. Yet nearly 40 percent of respondents plan to own a gun when they have their own household, and an additional 20 percent are considering it.

These results are based on a national sample of 2,100 college students (ages 18 through 25) and 2,166 high school students (ages 13 through 17). The poll, conducted by American University / GfK Custom Research LLC, was in the field from September 27 -- October 16, 2012, and has a margin of error of +/- 2.2 percentage points.

Key Findings from the Poll of High School and College Students:

? Personality Traits: Roughly 50% of young people who self-identify as "depressed," "stressed out," and/or have "difficulty making friends" plan to have a gun in their household.

? Video Games: High school students who regularly play video games for more than 4 hours per day are 50 percent more likely than those who do not typically play video games to report plans to own a gun. The results are similar, but less pronounced, among college students.

? Gender Gap: Girls and young women (40%) more likely than their male counterparts (32%) to fear gun violence and less likely to report planning on owning a gun in the future.

? Race Gap: Half of the Black respondents fear gun violence, compared to only 31 percent of White respondents. Blacks are less likely than Whites to report planning on owning a gun in the future.

? Party Gap: Democrats are nearly twice as likely as Republicans to fear gun violence (45% compared to 25%) and less likely to report planning on owning a gun in the future.

Jennifer L. Lawless is an associate professor of Government at American University, where she is also the director of the Women & Politics Institute. She is the author of Becoming a Candidate: Political Ambition and the Decision to Run for Office (2012) and the co-author of It Still Takes A Candidate: Why Women Don't Run for Office (2010). She is also a nationally recognized speaker, and her scholarly analysis and political commentary have been quoted in various newspapers, magazines, television news programs, and radio shows. In 2006, she sought the Democratic nomination for the U.S. House of Representatives in Rhode Island's second district.

Richard L. Fox is a professor of political science at Loyola Marymount University. He is the author of Gender Dynamics in Congressional Elections (1997) and co-author of It Still Takes A Candidate: Why Women Don't Run for Office (2010), Tabloid Justice: The Criminal Justice System in the Age of Media Frenzy (2001). He is also co-editor, with Susan J. Carroll, of Gender and Elections (2010).?

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by American University, via Newswise.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/living_well/~3/bC7l2zc7MdU/130114172013.htm

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Monday, January 14, 2013

TurboTax SnapTax tops iOS Apps of the Week

We start this week?s best iOS apps with one that is focused on the future. No, not the cool ?flying car? future, but rather April 15th...tax time! TurboTax SnapTax, will make doing taxes easier than ever before. Our other top apps this week include updates to eBay and CNET alongside new apps to add text to photos and check what?s on your TV.

The TurboTaxs SnapTax app has immediate appeal right out of the box. The idea of being able to photograph your W-2 and have the information from that W-2 auto-fill the rest of the tax form is very alluring. Sure, users would still need to double or triple check to make sure all the required information is filled in correctly, but this could be a great way to save time on tax preparation. It should be noted that although the app itself is free, it costs $24.99 to actually file your federal and state taxes via the app. That said, if you?re looking for a unique and quick way to file your taxes, TurboTax SnapTax makes a strong argument for itself.

eBay and the iPhone is an obvious match, as it?s more efficient to sell ?and monitor your goods via phone rather than being tethered to a laptop all day just to find out your old Ninja Turtles action figures aren?t worth that much. The latest eBay update continues to streamline the process for mobile users, creating a new listing flow that lets users list items quicker alongside an improved photo interface so adding pictures to items and viewing photos in other listings has never been easier. Alongside those main features are the usual touch-ups, things like being able to save multiple listing drafts and search enhancements may go unnoticed by some users, but are huge pluses for power users. eBay may be an old dog in the app game, but this update shows it can still learn a few new tricks.

Swipe lets users add a little bit of stylized typography to their photos. Rather than mess with lighting filters all day, Swipe users can add cool text in various colors, fonts and angles to their favorite pictures. Swipe features over 100 fonts that can be edited for size, color, transparency, rotation and alignment. Once the photos have been edited they can then be shared on a number of social networking websites including Facebook, Twitter, Fickr, or Tumblr and e-mail.

As yap.TV Guide nears its fourth full iteration with its 3.9.4 update, fans of the guide app will find plenty of good features. The app has been completely re-designed for iPhone with a special TV Guide screen featuring tappable network logos, so users can see what?s on their favorite channels as far as a week in advance. Yap also features updated category navigation as well as easier channel customization on the app itself.

Excellent tech news source CNET updated their iPhone app, fixing a slew of bugs and adding some much-needed optimization. CNET has been dispensing great reviews of all sorts of tech for years and their app?s large database of text and video reviews reflects that commitment to quality. CNET?s app also has photo galleries and latest news sections to cover a tech fan?s every multimedia need. The latest update to the app also features enhanced video playback on the iPad ?and iPod touch.

Download the Appolicious Android app

Source: http://www.appolicious.com/tech/articles/13125-turbotax-snaptax-tops-ios-apps-of-the-week

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Sunday, January 13, 2013

Recreation and Sports: Skateboarding Article Category | samalaoa

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Source: http://samalaoa.blogspot.com/2013/01/recreation-and-sports-skateboarding.html

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Hospitals crack down on workers refusing flu shots

FILE - In this file photo taken Oct. 17, 2012, Bill Staples, a Mississippi Department of Health employee, is given an intradermal shot of flu vaccine by registered nurse Rosemary Jones, also with the health department, in Jackson, Miss. A survey by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention researchers found that in 2011, more than 400 U.S. hospitals required flu vaccinations for their employees and 29 hospitals fired employees that were not vaccinated against the virus. (AP Photo/Rogelio V. Solis, File)

FILE - In this file photo taken Oct. 17, 2012, Bill Staples, a Mississippi Department of Health employee, is given an intradermal shot of flu vaccine by registered nurse Rosemary Jones, also with the health department, in Jackson, Miss. A survey by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention researchers found that in 2011, more than 400 U.S. hospitals required flu vaccinations for their employees and 29 hospitals fired employees that were not vaccinated against the virus. (AP Photo/Rogelio V. Solis, File)

(AP) ? Patients can refuse a flu shot. Should doctors and nurses have that right, too? That is the thorny question surfacing as U.S. hospitals increasingly crack down on employees who won't get flu shots, with some workers losing their jobs over their refusal.

"Where does it say that I am no longer a patient if I'm a nurse," wondered Carrie Calhoun, a longtime critical care nurse in suburban Chicago who was fired last month after she refused a flu shot.

Hospitals' get-tougher measures coincide with an earlier-than-usual flu season hitting harder than in recent mild seasons. Flu is widespread in most states, and at least 20 children have died.

Most doctors and nurses do get flu shots. But in the past two months, at least 15 nurses and other hospital staffers in four states have been fired for refusing, and several others have resigned, according to affected workers, hospital authorities and published reports.

In Rhode Island, one of three states with tough penalties behind a mandatory vaccine policy for health care workers, more than 1,000 workers recently signed a petition opposing the policy, according to a labor union that has filed suit to end the regulation.

Why would people whose job is to protect sick patients refuse a flu shot? The reasons vary: allergies to flu vaccine, which are rare; religious objections; and skepticism about whether vaccinating health workers will prevent flu in patients.

Dr. Carolyn Bridges, associate director for adult immunization at the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, says the strongest evidence is from studies in nursing homes, linking flu vaccination among health care workers with fewer patient deaths from all causes.

"We would all like to see stronger data," she said. But other evidence shows flu vaccination "significantly decreases" flu cases, she said. "It should work the same in a health care worker versus somebody out in the community."

Cancer nurse Joyce Gingerich is among the skeptics and says her decision to avoid the shot is mostly "a personal thing." She's among seven employees at IU Health Goshen Hospital in northern Indiana who were recently fired for refusing flu shots. Gingerich said she gets other vaccinations but thinks it should be a choice. She opposes "the injustice of being forced to put something in my body."

Medical ethicist Art Caplan says health care workers' ethical obligation to protect patients trumps their individual rights.

"If you don't want to do it, you shouldn't work in that environment," said Caplan, medical ethics chief at New York University's Langone Medical Center. "Patients should demand that their health care provider gets flu shots ? and they should ask them."

For some people, flu causes only mild symptoms. But it can also lead to pneumonia, and there are thousands of hospitalizations and deaths each year. The number of deaths has varied in recent decades from about 3,000 to 49,000.

A survey by CDC researchers found that in 2011, more than 400 U.S. hospitals required flu vaccinations for their employees and 29 hospitals fired unvaccinated employees.

At Calhoun's hospital, Alexian Brothers Medical Center in Elk Grove Village, Ill., unvaccinated workers granted exemptions must wear masks and tell patients, "I'm wearing the mask for your safety," Calhoun says. She says that's discriminatory and may make patients want to avoid "the dirty nurse" with the mask.

The hospital justified its vaccination policy in an email, citing the CDC's warning that this year's flu outbreak was "expected to be among the worst in a decade" and noted that Illinois has already been hit especially hard. The mandatory vaccine policy "is consistent with our health system's mission to provide the safest environment possible."

The government recommends flu shots for nearly everyone, starting at age 6 months. Vaccination rates among the general public are generally lower than among health care workers.

According to the most recent federal data, about 63 percent of U.S. health care workers had flu shots as of November. That's up from previous years, but the government wants 90 percent coverage of health care workers by 2020.

The highest rate, about 88 percent, was among pharmacists, followed by doctors at 84 percent, and nurses, 82 percent. Fewer than half of nursing assistants and aides are vaccinated, Bridges said.

Some hospitals have achieved 90 percent but many fall short. A government health advisory panel has urged those below 90 percent to consider a mandatory program.

Also, the accreditation body over hospitals requires them to offer flu vaccines to workers, and those failing to do that and improve vaccination rates could lose accreditation.

Starting this year, the government's Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services is requiring hospitals to report employees' flu vaccination rates as a means to boost the rates, the CDC's Bridges said. Eventually the data will be posted on the agency's "Hospital Compare" website.

Several leading doctor groups support mandatory flu shots for workers. And the American Medical Association in November endorsed mandatory shots for those with direct patient contact in nursing homes; elderly patients are particularly vulnerable to flu-related complications. The American Nurses Association supports mandates if they're adopted at the state level and affect all hospitals, but also says exceptions should be allowed for medical or religious reasons.

Mandates for vaccinating health care workers against other diseases, including measles, mumps and hepatitis, are widely accepted. But some workers have less faith that flu shots work ? partly because there are several types of flu virus that often differ each season and manufacturers must reformulate vaccines to try and match the circulating strains.

While not 100 percent effective, this year's vaccine is a good match, the CDC's Bridges said.

Several states have laws or regulations requiring flu vaccination for health care workers but only three ? Arkansas, Maine and Rhode Island ? spell out penalties for those who refuse, according to Alexandra Stewart, a George Washington University expert in immunization policikfriedenes and co-author of a study appearing this month in the journal Vaccine.

Rhode Island's regulation, enacted in December, may be the toughest and is being challenged in court by a health workers union. The rule allows exemptions for religious or medical reasons, but requires unvaccinated workers in contact with patients to wear face masks during flu season. Employees who refuse the masks can be fined $100 and may face a complaint or reprimand for unprofessional conduct that could result in losing their professional license.

Some Rhode Island hospitals post signs announcing that workers wearing masks have not received flu shots. Opponents say the masks violate their health privacy.

"We really strongly support the goal of increasing vaccination rates among health care workers and among the population as a whole," but it should be voluntary, said SEIU Healthcare Employees Union spokesman Chas Walker.

Supporters of health care worker mandates note that to protect public health, courts have endorsed forced vaccination laws affecting the general population during disease outbreaks, and have upheld vaccination requirements for schoolchildren.

Cases involving flu vaccine mandates for health workers have had less success. A 2009 New York state regulation mandating health care worker vaccinations for swine flu and seasonal flu was challenged in court but was later rescinded because of a vaccine shortage. And labor unions have challenged individual hospital mandates enacted without collective bargaining; an appeals court upheld that argument in 2007 in a widely cited case involving Virginia Mason Hospital in Seattle.

Calhoun, the Illinois nurse, says she is unsure of her options.

"Most of the hospitals in my area are all implementing these policies," she said. "This conflict could end the career I have dedicated myself to."

__

Online:

R.I. union lawsuit against mandatory vaccines: http://www.seiu1199ne.org/files/2013/01/FluLawsuitRI.pdf

CDC: http://www.cdc.gov

___

AP Medical Writer Lindsey Tanner can be reached at http://www.twitter.com/LindseyTanner

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/bbd825583c8542898e6fa7d440b9febc/Article_2013-01-12-US-MED-Flu-Shots-Health-Workers/id-d85cb557ee9543838490ee5281d46e57

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The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology | Psych ...

What?s the difference between personality psychology and social psychology? In essence, personality psychology focuses on the person, while social psychology focuses on the situation?how people act in different situations, or how situations affect individuals. In exploring how and why the two fields might be integrated, The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology?recounts the history of each subfield, discusses different approaches each takes to research topics, and analyzes the benefits that might come from integrating them.

This is a long reference book, and one not intended for the layperson. However, it turns out that it works quite well as a foundational text for those of us who are not research psychologists but readers simply wishing to learn about psychology.?Each chapter follows a general pattern of explaining the foundational theories in each field, discussing ways these theories can be integrated, or providing new theories or frameworks for integration.

Take the book?s coverage of the Big Five Theory. The ?Big Five? is a personality theory that provides a way to categorize all personality traits into five areas: extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, agreeableness, and emotional stability. When researchers used it to analyze what makes leaders effective, however, the results were mixed. In the chapter on leadership, Daan van Knippenberg states that ?the relationship between personality and leadership effectiveness is modest at best.? Instead, he proposes that social psychology models work better than the Big Five Theory because they analyze leaders ?by taking a person-in-situation approach to leadership effectiveness.? Thus, although personality traits such as extraversion may affect one?s ability to lead, he says, we can gain a more complete perspective by analyzing leadership performance in the context of a given situation.

In a book that covers topics as disparate as motivation, prejudice, friendship, leadership, relationships, helping behavior, and antisocial behavior?each topic explored from the two perspectives of personality psychology and social psychology?a lay reader is likely to find several topics of interest. For example, in a chapter on multiculturalism, Veronica Benet-Martinez describes how the study of multiculturalism can be beneficial to both personality and social psychologists. I found her definition of multiculturalism interesting because it is so inclusive: ?those who are mixed-race and mixed-ethnic, those who have lived in more than one country?those reared with at least one other culture in addition to the dominant mainstream culture, and those in intercultural relationships.? There is no commonly agreed-upon definition of the term, she tells us.

Much of what psychologists have learned in the last few years has been based on new measuring techniques, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). In a chapter called ?Neuroscience Approaches in Social and Personality Psychology,? David M. Amodio and Eddie Harmon-Jones discuss how these relatively new techniques measure brain activity, and describe several theories that have been proposed based on these methods. One theory, that of the mirror neuron system, posits ?a brain network devoted to understanding other people through their actions.? Amodio and Harmon-Jones state that the term mirror neurons refers??loosely to areas of the brain that are activated both when an individual observes the behavior of another person, and when one performs the same behavior??i.e., when one mimics another?s actions.

Out of curiosity, I tried a search of PubMed for mirror neuron, and it brought up more than a thousand articles. I found it interesting to consider how much attention mirror neuron research has attracted, considering what Amodio and Harmon-Jones?say about the theory. They analyze it as having ?intuitive appeal? but state that studies question the validity of the idea, concluding that ?more research will be needed? since ?so many social interactions often require complementary responses?rather than mimicry.? Newer theories, they tell us,?such as mirror-touch synesthesia (a phenomenon thought to be caused by mirror neurons), have been based on what may still be an unproven system.

In the final chapter of this 880-page book, you discover that the editors, Kay Deaux and Mark Snyder, never thought you?d make it. ?Few if any of you who are reading this closing statement will have taken the full journey through the volume that we as editors have taken,??they write. ?Much more likely you have selectively dipped into the volume, visiting topics with which you have considerable familiarity to see how a combined personality and social perspective is represented and perhaps also sampling some less familiar areas that pique your curiosity and invite you to become acquainted with new perspectives.?

As one who read the entire book, I will say that whether or not the authors met their intended goal of providing frameworks to help the two fields work together (and surely scientists will find utility in the proposed modes for integrating the two), their work has value as a summation of research from both areas.

The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology
Oxford University Press, February, 2012
Hardcover, 880 pages
$195

Psych Central's Recommendation: Worth Your Time! +++

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APA Reference
Crook, J. (2013). The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology. Psych Central. Retrieved on January 13, 2013, from http://psychcentral.com/lib/2013/the-oxford-handbook-of-personality-and-social-psychology/

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Source: http://psychcentral.com/lib/2013/the-oxford-handbook-of-personality-and-social-psychology/

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